What is Arthus phenomenon?
Arthus phenomenon, local swelling, redness, and tissue death following skin injection of soluble antigen into a subject previously immunized by a series of similar injections.
What is Arthus type hypersensitivity reactions?
Arthus reaction, named after the French immunologist Maurice Arthus, is currently classified as a type III hypersensitivity reaction [1]. It involves the in situ formation of antigen-antibody complexes after the injection of an antigen in a person with high levels of circulating antibodies.
Which vaccine causes Arthus?
Vaccines associated with arthus reactions include tetanus and diphtheria. Serum sickness is also a type of immune complex hypersensitivity reaction that can occur after vaccination.
What is Arthus reaction discuss about serum sickness?
The Arthus reaction was discovered by Nicolas Maurice Arthus in 1903. Arthus repeatedly injected horse serum subcutaneously into rabbits. After four injections, he found that there was edema and that the serum was absorbed slowly. Further injections eventually led to gangrene.
How is Arthus reaction diagnosed?
The most common clinical manifestations of Arthus reaction are local tissue hardening, accompanied by obvious redness, swelling, and pain, diameter less than 5.0 cm at or around the site following the injection in mild cases, but in some severe cases the diameter of the redness or swelling can spread to the entire …
How is Arthus reaction treated?
In this clinical condition, steroids and antihistamines can help alleviate the inflammatory response associated with presenting symptoms and signs. In conclusion, clinicians should keep Arthus reaction in mind when performing differential diagnoses of children after vaccination.
What is the difference between Arthus reaction and serum sickness?
Arthus reaction is caused due to the formation of antigen antibody complex which causes an inflammatory response. Serum sickness is also caused due to hypersensitivity created by antigen – antibody complex.
Is Arthus reaction immediate?
Arthus Reaction This is not an acute, immediately overwhelming condition. It generally develops over 6 to 12 hours if antibody levels are already high, or it can develop over several days (e.g., in serum sickness) as antibody levels increase and antigen persists.
Which cells are important for type1 hypersensitivity?
In type 1 hypersensitivity, B-cells are stimulated (by CD4+TH2 cells) to produce IgE antibodies specific to an antigen. The difference between a normal infectious immune response and a type 1 hypersensitivity response is that in type 1 hypersensitivity, the antibody is IgE instead of IgA, IgG, or IgM.