What is ganglioside GM3?
GM3 (monosialodihexosylganglioside) is a type of ganglioside. GM3 is the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipid in tissues, composed of three monosaccharide groups attached to a ceramide backbone. GM3 serves as a precursor for other, more complex gangliosides.
What is GM1 GM2 GM3?
20 GM1, GM2, and GM3 are amphipathic molecules that belong to a class of anionic glycosphingolipids, which contain 1 molecule of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), linked to the sugar residues of a ceramide oligosaccharide.
What is a ganglioside in medicine?
Medical Definition of ganglioside : any of a group of glycolipids that are found especially in the plasma membrane of cells of the gray matter and have sialic acid, hexoses, and hexosamines in the carbohydrate part and ceramide as the lipid.
What kind of lipid is a ganglioside?
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids composed of a ceramide lipid tail attached through glycosidic linkage to a glycan headgroup containing one or more sialic acid residues (Figure 1).
What is the simplest ganglioside?
GM3
First, a simple ganglioside, GM3, is synthesized by addition of a sialic acid to LacCer by CMP-sialic acid: LacCer α2–3 sialyltransferase (ST-I or GM3 synthase)….Table 1.
| Series | Basic structure | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Isoganglio | Galβ1–3 GalNAcβ1–3 Galβ1–4Glcβ1–1’Cer | iGg |
| Lacto | Galβ1 −3 GlcNAcβ1 −3 Galβ1 −4Glcβ1 −1 ‘Cer | Lc |
What is the purpose of GM2 ganglioside?
The GM2A gene provides instructions for making a protein called the GM2 ganglioside activator. This protein is necessary for the normal function of an enzyme called beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a critical role in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
Why is GM2 ganglioside toxic?
Without the GM2 ganglioside activator, beta-hexosaminidase A is unable to break down GM2 ganglioside. As a result, this substance builds up to toxic levels, particularly in nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
What is the difference between Cerebroside and ganglioside?
Cerebrosides are the simplest glycosphingolipids with a single sugar linked to ceramide. Gangliosides contain a ceramide, a number of sugar groups, and sialic acid.
Is GM2 ganglioside toxic?
As a result, this substance builds up to toxic levels, particularly in nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Progressive damage caused by the buildup of GM2 ganglioside leads to the destruction of these cells, which causes the signs and symptoms of the AB variant.
Where does GM2 ganglioside build up?
As a result, the GM2 ganglioside builds up in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by mutations in the HEXA gene which makes the hexosaminidase subunit A protein.
What is the function of GM2 ganglioside?
Normal Function The GM2A gene provides instructions for making a protein called the GM2 ganglioside activator. This protein is necessary for the normal function of an enzyme called beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a critical role in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
What does ganglioside mean?
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology.
What is the structure of a GM3 ganglioside?
GM3 ( monosialodihexosylganglioside) is a type of ganglioside. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and M is for monosialic acid as it has one sialic acid only. The numbering is based on its relative mobility in electrophoresis among other monosialic gangliosides. Its structure can be condensed to NANA – Gal – Glc – ceramide.
What is the name of a monosialic ganglioside?
GM3 ( monosialodihexosylganglioside) is a type of ganglioside. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and M is for monosialic acid as it has one sialic acid only. The numbering is based on its relative mobility in electrophoresis among other monosialic gangliosides.
What is the meaning of the letter G in GM3?
GM3 (monosialodihexosylganglioside) is a type of ganglioside. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and M is for monosialic acid as it has one sialic acid only.
What is the role of ganglioside in carcinogenesis?
The functions of gangliosides as specific determinants suggest its important role in the growth and differentiation of tissues as well as in carcinogenesis. It has been found that tumor formation can induce the synthesis of a new complement of ganglioside, and very low concentrations of a specific ganglioside can induce differentiation