What condition does alloxan cause?
Alloxan has two distinct pathological effects: it selectively inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion through specific inhibition of glucokinase, the glucose sensor of the beta cell, and it causes a state of insulin-dependent diabetes through its ability to induce ROS formation, resulting in the selective necrosis …
What is the difference between alloxan and streptozotocin?
Streptozotocin is more specific to beta cells rather than alloxan. strptozotocin has high inductive capacity than alloxan and its less toxic to the pancreas compared to alloxan . It is also more specific to the pancreas while alloxan in addition to being specific to the pancreas also appears toxic to some other organs.
What type of diabetes does alloxan induce?
Alloxan-induced diabetes is one of the widely used model to induce Type I diabetes mellitus in the the experimental animals. Alloxan has been found to be selectively toxic to pancreatic beta cells as it preferentially accumulates in the beta cells as glucose analogues.
How does alloxan induce diabetes in rodents?
Diabetes in rodents is induced by injecting alloxan or streptozotocin which induce diabetes while producing ROS leading to demolition of pancreas β-cells [8, 9]. The prime cause of a number of long term complications of diabetes is chronic hyperglycemia.
What is alloxan induced?
Alloxan-induced diabetes is a form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that occurs as a result of alloxan administration or injection to animals [78], [79]. It has been successfully induced in a variety of animal species; rabbits, mice, rats, monkeys, cats and dogs [80], [81].
Does insulin activate glucokinase?
Insulin appears to affect both glucokinase transcription and activity through multiple direct and indirect pathways. While rising portal vein glucose levels increase glucokinase activity, the concomitant rise of insulin amplifies this effect by induction of glucokinase synthesis.
Does alloxan cause diabetes in humans?
The beta cell toxic action of alloxan is initiated by free radicals formed in this redox reaction. Studies suggests that alloxan does not cause diabetes in humans.
Can alloxan induced type 2 diabetes in rats?
Alloxan and STZ induce T1DM in adults rats. But you can use STZ in newborn rats to induce T2DM. Alloxan cannot be used to induce T2DM. Some available models include fructose-fed, high fat diet fed followed by a low dose of STZ and STZ/nicotinamide.
Is alloxan induced diabetes reversible?
Poor diabetogenicity and easy auto-reversal of alloxan-induced hyperglycemia is very common with intraperitoneal doses of 150 mg/kg and below [85], [124]. In the use of alloxan, higher dose between 170 and 200 mg/kg BW have been noted to be more effective.
Does Maida contain alloxan?
Maida is made from the endosperm of the wheat grain. This part is grinded and bleached with benzoyl peroxide to form a white powder. This is further mixed with alloxan (chemical) to form maida. This process makes maida very soft.
What is the function of glucokinase?
Glucokinase acts as a sensor, recognizing when the level of glucose in the blood rises and helping stimulate the release of insulin from beta cells to control it.
What does glucokinase do in the liver?
In the liver, glucokinase mediates the postprandial phosphorylation of glucose needed for the synthesis and storage of glycogen, whereas in beta cells, glucokinase is involved in the generation of the metabolic signals necessary for physiological glucose-induced insulin secretion.