What does edwardsiella tarda cause?
Edwardsiella tarda is a common fish pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia (also known as edwardsiellosis) in freshwater and marine fish worldwide, which also causes serious health problems in reptiles, shellfish, amphibians, birds, humans and mammals [1,2].
Does edwardsiella tarda cause UTI?
Enterobacter includes multiple species of highly motile bacteria that normally reside in the intestinal tract. They are biochemically similar to Klebsiella and can cause opportunistic infections of the urinary tract. Enterobacter aerogenes and E.
Is edwardsiella Hoshinae aerobic or anaerobic?
Edwardsiella hoshinae is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has primarily been isolated from avians and reptiles.
How do you get edwardsiella tarda?
E tarda is typically isolated from fresh or brackish water environments such as river mouths. It has also been isolated from the intestines of humans (after eating fresh water food sources such as catfish [5] or eels [6]) and from animals, including reptiles and freshwater fish.
Is e Aerogenes Gram-negative?
Enterobacter is a genus of a common Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Two of its well- known species, Enterobacter aerogenes and E.
Is edwardsiella normal flora?
E. coli strains are commonly associated with the normal facultative anaerobic microflora found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals.
Does edwardsiella tarda ferment lactose?
It is positive for glucose fermentation, but negative for lactose fermentation and is unable to grow on D-mannitol or D-sorbitol. E. tarda is also oxidase-negative and catalase-positive.
Is edwardsiella tarda motile?
E. tarda is a Gram-negative, short, rod–shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium that measures about 2–3 μm in length and 1 μm in diameter [11]. It is usually motile, but isolates from red sea bream and yellowtail are non-motile [16]. This bacterium can survive at 0–4% sodium chloride, pH 4.0–10.0, and 14–45°C [17].
Is E. coli a Gammaproteobacteria?
Gammaproteobacteria: Gammaproteobacteria is a class of several medically, ecologically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli), Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. Like all Proteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria are Gram-negative.
How is Edwardsiella tarda a serious fish pathogen?
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. Research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that E. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts.
Are there high rates of e.tarda bacteremia?
The incidence of E. tarda infection did not vary by season. We more frequently observed hepatobiliary infection in patients with E. tarda bacteremia than in patients with nonbacteremic E. tarda infections. E. tarda bacteremia is a rare entity that is not associated with high rates of death.
What are the virulence factors of e.tarda?
E. tarda uses virulence factors that include type III and type VI secretion systems, quorum sensing, two-component systems, and exoenzymes to gain entry into and survive within the host. Better understanding of interactions between these factors will lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against E. tarda and other enterics. 1.
Why is e.tarda most common in tropical regions?
The rarity of E. tarda infections in humans may be due to the sporadic incidence of E. tarda contamination in food, water, and domestic animals [23]. E. tarda is most common in tropical and subtropical regions [8], and if infection occurs, it causes a Salmonella-like gastroenteritis in 80% of all human E. tarda infections [5], [8].