What does it mean to be a fast Acetylator?
[ah-set″ĭ-la´ter] an organism capable of metabolic acetylation. Individuals that differ in their inherited ability to metabolize certain drugs, e.g., isoniazid, are termed fast or slow acetylators.
What are fast Acetylators and slow acetylators?
The slow acetylator phenotype often experiences toxicity from drugs such as isoniazid, sulfonamides, procainamide, and hydralazine, whereas the fast acetylator phenotype may not respond to isoniazid and hydralazine in the management of tuberculosis and hypertension, respectively.
What are slow and fast acetylators explain in relation to acetylation of isoniazid?
Metabolism of isoniazid occurs by acetylation. In patients who are genetically “fast acetylators,” isoniazid may not reach therapeutic levels and will have a short plasma t½ compared with that of “slow acetylators.” Slow acetylators are at a greater risk for drug-related toxicities because of the drug’s long t½.
What does Acetylators mean?
: an organism that acetylates a substance during metabolism —used especially to describe the rate at which a person acetylates certain drugs (such as isoniazid, hydralazine, or sulfamethazine) in the body People known as slow acetylators, for instance, take a longer time than fast acetylators to clear certain drugs …
What happens in slow acetylators?
Slow acetylators are people whose liver cannot completely detoxify reactive drug metabolites. For example, patients with sulfonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis have been shown to have a slow acetylator genotype that results in increased production of sulfonamide hydroxylamine via the P-450 pathway.
What type of antibiotic is clofazimine?
Clofazimine is a riminophenazine antimycobacterial used to treat leprosy. Clofazimine is a highly lipophilic antimicrobial riminophenazine dye used in combination with other agents, such as dapsone, for the treatment of leprosy.
What is the meaning of Acetylators?
What is acetylation give example?
When the hydrogen of an alcohol is replaced with an acetyl group via an acetylation reaction, the final product formed is an ester. One of the most common examples of an acetylation reaction is the acetylation of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride to afford acetic acid and acetylsalicylic acid as the products.
Who are the fast and the slow acetylators?
The rate of acetylation is genetically determined. Approximately 50 percent of African Americans and Caucasians are “ slow acetylaters ”, and the rest are “ rapid acetylaters ”; the majority of Eskimos and Asians are “rapid acetylaters.”
Who are the rapid and slow acetylators of isoniazid?
Approximately 50 percent of African Americans and Caucasians are “ slow acetylaters ”, and the rest are “ rapid acetylaters ”; the majority of Eskimos and Asians are “rapid acetylaters.” The defect in slow acetylators of isoniazid and similar amines appears to be caused by the synthesis of less enzyme rather than an abnormal form of it.
What’s the difference between slow and fast acetyltransferase?
N-Acetyltransferase. The slow acetylator phenotype often experiences toxicity from drugs such as isoniazid, sulfonamides, procainamide, and hydralazine, whereas the fast acetylator phenotype may not respond to isoniazid and hydralazine in the management of tuberculosis and hypertension, respectively.
Is the slow acetylator an autosomal recessive trait?
Slow acetylators are also at risk for sulfonamide-induced toxicity and can suffer from idiopathic lupus erythematosus while taking procainamide. [ 16, 17, 18] The slow acetylator phenotype is an autosomal recessive trait.