What does optative mood mean in Greek?
The optative mood (/ˈɒptətɪv/ or /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/; Ancient Greek [ἔγκλισις] εὐκτική, [énklisis] euktikḗ, “[inflection] for wishing”, Latin optātīvus [modus] “[mode] for wishing”) is a grammatical mood of the Ancient Greek verb, named for its use as a way to express wishes. To express wishes for the future (“may it happen!”)
What languages have optative mood?
Examples of languages with a morphological optative mood are Ancient Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Georgian, Friulian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Navajo, Old Prussian, Old Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish, and Yup’ik.
What are the moods in Greek?
The Greek verb is used in four moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, optative) and two ‘non-finite’ (as some people like to think of them) moods (participle and infinitive).
What is the difference between subjunctive and optative?
What is the difference between the subjunctive and the optative moods in classical greek verbs? The subjunctive mood is used to express a hypothetical situation, something that is not real (e.g. a possibility or an action that has not yet happened). The optative mood is used to express wishes and hopes (e.g. ”may”).
Is interrogative a mood?
The interrogative mood asks questions. The conditional mood expresses a condition or a hypothetical situation. The subjunctive mood can express wishes, doubt, or contradictions. A shift in the verb mood occurs when more than one mood is used in the same sentence.
How many conjugations does Greek have?
In the indicative mood there are seven tenses: present, imperfect, future, aorist (the equivalent of past simple), perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. (The last two, especially the future perfect, are rarely used).
What does the middle voice mean in Greek?
48. The Greek verb has three VOICES, the active, middle, and passive. The middle voice denotes that the subject is both an agent of an action and somehow concerned with the action. The passive voice is used to show that the subject of the verb is acted on.
What is the Greek aorist tense?
2. Aorist Tense. The aorist tense is the Greek grammarian’s term for a simple past tense. Unlike the other past tenses (imperfect and perfect), the aorist simply states the fact that an action has happened. It gives no information on how long it took, or whether the results are still in effect.
When do you use the optative mood in Greek?
Over the centuries, the optative mood became more and more rarely used, and it has disappeared in Modern Greek. The optative of wish or volitive optative expresses wishes for the future: “may it happen!”
Where does the word optative come from in Greek?
The optative mood ( / ˈɒptətɪv / or / ɒpˈteɪtɪv /; Ancient Greek [ἔγκλισις] εὐκτική, [énklisis] euktikḗ, ” [inflection] for wishing”, Latin optātīvus [modus] ” [mode] for wishing”) is a grammatical mood of the Ancient Greek verb, named for its use as a way to express wishes.
When to use aorist optative or present optative mood?
The difference between the present and the aorist optative in the above examples is that when the aorist is used it implies that the first action took place and was completed before the second one began. The optative mood can similarly be used after εἰ ( ei) “if” in clauses of the type “if ever it happened”:
Which is the first tense of the optative mood?
The first aorist conjugates regularly: The Present, Optative, Active of τίθημι (S 416; GPH p. 148) The Aorist, Optative, Active of τίθημι (S 416; GPH p. 153) As discussed above, the tenses of the optative reflect ASPECT, not time. As with the subjunctive mood, the PRESENT and AORIST are the most common tenses that you will encounter (S 696).