What does P-selectin do?
P-selectin mediates the rolling of blood cells on the surface of the endothelium and initiates the attachment of leukocytes circulating in the blood to platelets, endothelial cells,and other leukocytes at sites of tissue injury and inflammation.
What are P and E selectins used for?
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding transmembrane proteins expressed on platelets (P-selectins), leukocytes (L-selectins) and endothelial cells (E- and P-selectins). Their role is to mediate the first steps of the recruitment of leukocytes from the blood stream in a series of pathologic situations [51].
What does E-selectin bind to?
Ligands. E-selectin recognizes and binds to sialylated carbohydrates present on the surface proteins of certain leukocytes. E-selectin ligands are expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, memory-effector T-like lymphocytes, and natural killer cells.
What is selectin ligand?
All selectins are single-chain transmembrane glycoproteins that share similar properties to C-type lectins due to a related amino terminus and calcium-dependent binding. Selectins bind to sugar moieties and so are considered to be a type of lectin, cell adhesion proteins that bind sugar polymers.
Is P-selectin and integrin?
P-selectin and PSGL-1 constitute the main receptor–ligand pair that mediates physical interactions between platelets and leukocytes. Activation of the leukocyte β1 and β2 integrins involves functional upregulation and activation-dependent conformational changes necessary for the integrins to recognize their ligands.
Do platelets activate thrombin?
Thrombin is the most strong platelet agonist and also responsible for converting fibrinogen into fibrin to stabilize the platelet plugs [5, 6, 9, 13]. Thrombin activates platelets through protease-activated receptors (PAR) on the platelet surface via GPCR.
How are selectins activated?
The selectin ligand PSGL-1 redistributes to the uropod and captures activated platelets by interacting with P-selectin. Platelet–neutrophil interactions transduce signals that facilitate intraluminal crawling.
What is the role of selectins in inflammation?
During inflammation, selectins enable the initial attachment of leukocytes from the bloodstream, which causes their downstream movement along the endothelium via adhesive interactions referred to as leukocyte rolling.
Is E-selectin a cytokine?
Cytokine-activated endothelial cells express E-selectin, which binds PSGL-1 [314, 338], CD44 [339, 340], and other, unidentified ligands [338–342]. Like PSGL-1, other E-selectin ligands are heavily dependent on glycosylation by fucosyl transferase-VII and at least one sialyltransferase [343].
What is the function of E cadherin?
E-cadherin is involved in the maintenance and the homeostasis of the normal adult epithelial tissue structure and integrity (van Roy and Berx 2008). As previously mentioned, its function lies primarily in the formation of adherens junctions.
Is ICAM a selectin?
P-Selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 deficiency substantially protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
Is selectin a receptor?
Nevertheless, each selectin has distinct receptors to which it binds with high affinity. Selectins bind to the sialyl Lewisx (SLex) determinant “NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc.”6–9 However, SLex, per se, does not constitute an effective selectin receptor.